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Death Valley: Geology, Ecology, Archæology, by Charles B. Hunt
PDF Ebook Death Valley: Geology, Ecology, Archæology, by Charles B. Hunt
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1976. Author: Charles B. Hunt. Publisher: University of California Press. 234 pages. Oversized paperback.
- Sales Rank: #656645 in Books
- Published on: 1976-03-05
- Ingredients: Example Ingredients
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: .65" h x 7.87" w x 9.18" l,
- Binding: Paperback
- 256 pages
Most helpful customer reviews
0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Five Stars
By Richard F Falasco
great
2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
An excellent beginning account of many topics, but the book needs a glossary
By Tom Brody
DEATH VALLEY by Charles B. Hunt is a 234-page geology book printed on high quality paper. The book contains about 120 black and white photographs, as well as several line drawings and maps. Death Valley is located about 3 ½ hours north, by automobile, of Los Angeles. Death Valley is bordered on the west by PANAMINT MOUNTAINS and on the east by BLACK MOUNTAINS. In early 2013, I spent three days in Death Valley, from 7 am to 5 pm, exploring the Mesquite Dune field, Golden Canyon, Ubehebe Crater, Badwater, Zabriskie Point, Mosaic Canyon, Devil's Cornfield, and the volcanic hills between Jubilee Pass and Salisbury Pass. Although I bought this book in 1976, it was not until about 35 years later that I actually toured Death Valley in detail. This accounts for my revived interest in the book.
CHAPTERS. The book has ten chapters, including: Water (Ch. 2); Salt Pan (Ch. 3); Gravel Fans (Ch. 4); Rocks (Ch. 5); Earthquakes (Ch. 6) (actually this chapter has the strange name, "How the Rocks Broke;" Mines and Mining (Ch. 7); Archaeology of Indians (Ch. 8); Archaeology since 1849 (Ch. 9); and Plants and Animals (Ch. 10).
PHOTOGRAPHS. Page 46 has a photo of Devil's Golf course, and the legend explains that this feature of Death Valley (DV) is in the central chloride zone. The text details the chemistry and formation of the chloride zone, sulfate zone, and carbonate zone. Page 51 shows a close-up photo of a gypsum deposit (calcium sulfate) which takes the form of thick worms. Continuing with the disclosure of the three zones, pages 52-53 show close-up photos of carbonate deposits (calcium carbonate; calcite). Page 57 has a photograph of the amazing pentagons found at BADWATER. Page 57 has a second photo, also located in the BADWATER area, showing a subtle feature of pentagons that are older, namely, outward tilting of the pentagon walls to create a saucer-like formation that occupies the inside of the pentagons. Page 70 has a photo of an alluvial fan spilling from the BLACK MOUNTAINS. Page 98 has a photo of the multi-colored hills at Six Spring Canyon, where the legend explains that quartzite is light, dolomite above that is dark, the light layer above that is talc, the dark layer above that is diabase, and the light layer above that is noonday dolomite.
MORE PHOTOGRAPHS. Page 135 has a photo of COPPER CANYON area, with black ink lines on the photo showing two earthquake fault lines. Page 139 has a similar photo, with black ink lines on the photo showing faults, this one from Hanaupah Canyon. As noted above, page 51 shows the WORMS of GYPSUM, while page 148 has a photo of SPHERES of ULEXITE (sodium calcium borate). Page 161, 162, 165, and 169, show stone arrowheads and knives made by Indians living in DV during the past 10,000 years. (For reasons unknown, this book fails to identify the name of the most recent tribe of Indians to occupy DV, namely, the TIMBISHA INDIANS.)
LINE DRAWINGS. Page 68 contains line drawings of aerial view of seven ALLUVIAL FANS, e.g., Tucki Wash Fan, Hanaupah Canyon Fan, and Six Spring Canyon Fan. Page 121 has a line drawing showing another aerial view, indicating earthquake fault lines between the Panamint Mts. And the Black Mts. Plant photographs are also included, and the book illustrates burrowed (page 199), as well as the arrowweed (Pluchea sericea) found at Devil's Cornfield (page 204). The text provides a nice outline of plants that are very salt-tolerant (desert holly), partially salt tolerant (arrowweed), and not particularly salt-tolerant (mesquite), thus accounting for their habitats in DV. Further information on plants in DV can be found in PLANT ECOLOGY OF DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA by Charles B. Hunt (U.S. Government Printing Office, Wash. D.C. (1966)).
TEXT. I will discuss only a couple of topics from the text, namely, ordering of salt deposition and alluvial fans. Pages 39-40 contain a table showing the chemical formula, trivial name, and location in DV, of thirty-seven (37) different salts. These include sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), trona (Na3H (CO3)2 * 2 H2O), calcite (CaCO3); gypsum (CaSO4 * 2 H2O); and borax (Na2B4O7 * 10 H2O). As one can see from the formula of borax, this salt is definitely NOT anhydrous! Please also note the salt that is called, "trona." Landscape photographers and other adventurers in southern California will be aware of the TRONA PINNACLES, located near the town of Trona. Page 43 contains another excellent table, this one providing side-by-side comparisons of pairs of salts that are identical, except in their degree of hydration. The text explains that the less hydrated forms are located on the surface of the playa where the temperatures are highest, while the more hydrated forms are located underground. We learn that as water evaporates, the first salt to fall out of solution and to precipitate is CaCO3. CaCO3 accumulates at the edges and at the very bottom of any lake or pond that evaporates ("carbonate zone"). Next to deposit are CaSO4 and Na2SO4 ("sulfate zone"). But if not much calcium is present, what deposits is Na2SO4 and Na2CO3. Finally, when nearly all of the water has evaporated, what deposits is NaCl, thus forming the "chloride zone." We learn that the gypsum deposits, which can be 5 feet thick, are covered with a 6-inch layer of anhydrous calcium sulfate (Chapter Three; pages 36 66). Chapter Four (pages 67-87) disclose the following about ALLUVIAL FANS. We learn that the alluvial fans coming off the BLACK MOUNTAINS are small, because the land on the east is sinking and because these mountains are small (2,000-4,000 ft.) and don't have much gravel to donate. In contrast, the alluvial fans coming from the PANAMINT MOUNTAINS to the west are large, because these mountains are tall (8,000-11,000 ft.). This chapter also points out the composition of the gravel in various fans, e.g., Trail Canyon has gravel made of quartzite and carbonate. Hanaupah Canyon has gravel that is 20% granite gravel, 60% quartzite, and 20% carbonate. The fan at Furnace Creek is 90% carbonate.
CONCLUSION. The book requires a small amount of chemistry background, for example, high school chemistry or freshman college chemistry. Also, it helps to have taken a geology course, in view of the fact that the book contains many terms used in geology, e.g., brecciated, anticline, fanglomerate, turtleback, travertine, Holocene, Pleistocene, Piocene, Triassic, Devonian, Cambrian, and so on. When I first read the book in 1976, I had taken a dozen college chemistry courses, but the only parts of the book to make an impression on me were the narratives on the ALLUVIAL FANS and on DESERT VARNISH. But now that I've toured the salt playa in Death Valley, the book's accounts of the three zones (chloride zone, sulfate zone, and carbonate zone) are much more meaningful to me. Moreover, now that I've actually seen the vast ALLUVIAL FANS coming off from the Panamint Mountains, the book's accounts of alluvial fans are also more meaningful. DEATH VALLEY by Charles Hunt is a short book. Thus, for further reading, I suggest the following additional sources: (1) N.J. Travis and E.J. Cocks. THE TINCAL TRAIL A HISTORY OF BORAX; (2) S.G. Spear. Death Valley Geology. Palomar College, Palomar, CA (87 pages); (3) Charles B. Hunt (1966) PLANT ECOLOGY OF DEATH VALLEY, CALIFORNIA (U.S. Goverment Printing Office). (However, I do NOT recommend the following book: GEOLOGY OF DEATH VALLEY by Michael Collier.)
8 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
A good geologic review for the beginner
By olovine@aol.com
This book is a good review book for the novice geology fan or the most crusted old timmer. Good indepth explinations without much of the techno babble that can be associated with geology. Easy to fallow and understand. A good companion for those who do the Death Valley car tour. A must have.
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