Sabtu, 11 April 2015

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The Age of Openness: China before Mao, by Frank Dikotter

The era between empire and communism is routinely portrayed as a catastrophic interlude in China's modern history. But in this book, Frank Dikötter shows that the first half of the twentieth century was characterized by unprecedented openness. He argues that from 1900 to 1949, all levels of Chinese society were seeking engagement with the rest of the world and that pursuit of openness was particularly evident in four areas: governance, including advances in liberties and the rule of law; greater freedom of movement within the country and outside it; the spirited exchange of ideas in the humanities and sciences; and thriving and open markets and the resulting sustained growth in the economy.

Copub: Hong Kong University Press

  • Sales Rank: #246547 in Books
  • Published on: 2008-10-08
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.40" h x .40" w x 5.40" l, .45 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 140 pages

Review
"'In this succinct and vigorous book, Frank Dikotter presents a cornucopia of graphic examples to show that China in the first half of the twentieth century, far from being in a state of decay that called for revolutionary action, was in fact a vibrant and cosmopolitan society. In such a reading, the current Chinese leaders should not be seen as striving to do something bold and new; they are merely struggling to rebuild a network of global connections that Mao and others had systematically helped to destroy. This should be an ideal book to spark class discussion on modern China.' - Jonathan Spence, author of The Search for Modern China and Return to Dragon Mountain 'The always innovative Frank Dikotter infuses new life into an historical period left by most historians for dead - China's republican era from 1912 to 1949. In his persuasive recounting, this cosmopolitan, dynamic era has more to tell us about modern China's long-term trajectory than the authoritarian interlude that followed it.' - Andrew J. Nathan, Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science, Columbia University"

From the Inside Flap
"In this succinct and vigorous book, Frank Dikötter presents a cornucopia of graphic examples to show that China in the first half of the twentieth century, far from being in a state of decay that called for revolutionary action, was in fact a vibrant and cosmopolitan society. In such a reading, the current Chinese leaders should not be seen as striving to do something bold and new; they are merely struggling to rebuild a network of global connections that Mao and others had systematically helped to destroy. This should be an ideal book to spark class discussion on modern China."—Jonathan Spence, author of The Search for Modern China and Return to Dragon Mountain

"The always innovative Frank Dikötter infuses new life into an historical period left by most historians for dead—China's republican era from 1912 to 1949. In his persuasive recounting, this cosmopolitan, dynamic era has more to tell us about modern China's long-term trajectory than the authoritarian interlude that followed it."—Andrew J. Nathan, Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science, Columbia University

About the Author
Frank Dikötter is Professor of Chinese Modern History at the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, and Chair of Humanities at the University of Hong Kong. He has published a series of innovative books, including The Discourse of Race in Modern China and Narcotic Culture: a History of Drugs and China.

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Two Stars
By William Darrow
dense, difficult to access

25 of 29 people found the following review helpful.
History on one side of the coin
By NeverneverLand
I actually wrote a much longer review of the book, but duh, my internet explorer had a bug, the review disappeared, so I'm left rewriting another review.

To summarize what I originally wrote, I lauded Dikötter for a succinct, well told book on China's history of 1900-49. It is not verbose, and the book flows along nicely. He is clearly intending to present a "revisionist" idea of 1900-49 China as being progressive and open, as can be seen from the titles of the four main chapters: open governance, open borders, open minds and open markets. In "Open minds", he even lauds some Chinese intellectuals from being progressive. Dikötter is clearly anti-Marxist in presenting his ideas that the 1900-49 era before Mao might well be one of the most open and progressive societies China has ever seen.

Dikötter's book is well written and presents a cogent argument. But is it the whole picture? A Chinese living in 1900-49 might see things somewhat differently, as I would offer to suggest:

1) Wen I-To, China Democratic League poet, political activist, was murdered by Nationalist agents in 1946. It is an openly acknowledged fact recognized both inside and outside China, by orthodox historians even in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Europe and the USA. His crime was openly criticizing the Chiang Kai-shek's Nationalist regime during Li's funeral after the KMT secret agents assassinated Li Gongpu, another fellow party member and democrat. Note that both Wen and Li were democrats and not communists.

2) The 1900-49 "age of openness" followed a period of insularity and extreme conservative backwardness that was perhaps the most serious in China's history up till that point. Lots of reading materials availing in the 1900-49 should have been long made available in the late 19th century.

3) Movies in the late 1930s and 1940s prior to the Communist takeover didn't paint as golden a picture as Dikotter does of that era. 1937's "Crossroads" depicts college students committing suicide due to massive unemployment. 1949's "Crows and Sparrows", made just before the Communist takeover, paints a very critical picture of Shanghai-ruling Nationalists indiscriminately killing intellectuals.

4) Lu Xun, China's pre-eminent intellectual then, opined the 1911 revolution was a failure. Incensed at the March 18 student massacre, he exiled himself to Amoy and then to Shanghai (note Lu Xun was primarily a liberal who had leftist leanings, but never identify himself with the communist party). James Reeve Pusey's "Lu Xun and evolution" (p 154) quotes Lu Xun as saying: "I left Guangzhou in 1927 speechless by the blood." He also said, in 1925, "I feel the so-called Republic of China has ceased to exist. I feel that, before the revolution, I was a slave, but shortly after the revolution, I have been cheated by slaves and have become their slave".

5) Louis Cha, wuxia novelist now in Hong Kong, studying in Chongqing in his youth, once recalled the Nationalist school he attended kept drumming into students that "Yue Fei (a Song Dynasty Chinese patriot and General) was politically short-sighted", apparently because they wanted to sell out some parts of China to imperial Japan. Cha criticized the school's autocracy, landing him with an expulsion.

6) Hou Hsiao-Hsien' "A City of Sadness" (1989) paints a very different picture of the Chiang regime. The White Terror era of 1945-9 was a terrible memory for many Taiwan natives. Hou won the Venice Golden Lion in 1989 for this film. Yonfan's "Prince of Tears" (2009) recounts a similar story from his childhood memories. [...].

Part of Dikötter's argument holds water. China in 1900-49 was immensely more open than in the late 19th century under the disintegrating Qing dynasty rule. Yet he doesn't put this the proper context: yes, while it was true, one must also acknowledge the period before was probably the most backwards in the whole of China's history, where she was virtually isolated from Western imperialist powers and the rest of the world (save for Shanghai and a few ports).

Seen from this perspective, plus other certain facts, one can tell Dikötter is telling one side of the story, quite selectively. But the other side of the coin? Eyewitnesses' accounts from that period don't exactly endorse an "age of openness" where people (Lu Xun, Wen, Li, Cha - the last still alive) could be murdered in the streets for opposing the dominant political party, or in late 1940s-50s Taiwan (Hou and Yonfan grew up there), where massacres still existed under General Chiang Kai-shek.

12 of 14 people found the following review helpful.
A bold attempt to reconstruct the history of China in the first half of the twentieth century
By Hubert Shea
Professor Dikotter from the University of London has collected and analysed abundant secondary literature to dispel the widely-held belief that the history of contemporary China between the fall of the Qing dynasty in 1911 and the rise of communism in 1949 was an age of political, social, and economic turbulence. According to him, the history of the Republican China represents an unique age of openness in which internationally diverse cultures were everywhere, ranging from coastal cities to the rural hinterland. This 6-chapter book aims at demonstrating that China in the first half of the twentieth century was in fact vibrant and cosmopolitan, particularly in four key aspects including governance, borders, minds, and markets.

The Nationalist Party is portrayed by Professor Dikotter as a staunch advocate of western democracy, penal administration, and judicial reform in both national and provincial level instead of being a fragile and corrupt political party. Due to political patronage and protection from foreigners and regional governors (P.25), freedom of publication and association proliferated to sustain democratic debate. People from all walks of life acquired a global outlook and travelled beyond China. Many of the Diaspora and indigenous Chinese were bicultural and bilingual with polyglot knowledge (P.60) and they became more influential in arts, religion, politics, business, education, and philanthropy. Besides, Chinese society was more cosmopolitan with huge presence of foreigners in treaty ports such as Shanghai and Tianjin. Professor Dikotter has posited that foreigners were powerful agents that contributed to the flows of "people, goods, technologies and ideas" (P.51) between China and the outside world.

The meaning of openness in the Republican China can be represented by proactive participation into international political affairs such as the First World War, the League of Nation and the Hague Court. Moreover, economy was more international with phenomenal growth in foreign trade and innovations in money and finance. A more open and prosperous market also enormously induced high growth and change in transportation and material culture (P.89).

Professor Dikotter concludes that China under Mao was a radical reversal of being openness to international connections but the Republican China had witnessed an "unprecedented intensification" (P.100) towards openness. The Open door policy in the Communist China since 1978 can be interpreted as a mere rebuilding of international connections that had occurred in China since the first half of the twentieth century. This book is not lengthy and Professor Dikotter provides readers with fresh insights into the history of contemporary China. However, his view towards the Republican China certainly leads to fierce debate, particularly from politicians and historians in mainland China who might find it difficult to accept his view that the openness experience of the Republican China period can be of greater relevance to China nowadays.

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Jumat, 10 April 2015

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Geomorphology in Deserts, by Ronald U. Cooke

Geomorphology in Deserts Hardcover

  • Sales Rank: #4710589 in Books
  • Published on: 1973-06
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 3
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 374 pages

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Kamis, 09 April 2015

~~ Get Free Ebook The Selected Poetry of Dan Pagis (Literature of the Middle East), by Dan Pagis

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The Selected Poetry of Dan Pagis (Literature of the Middle East), by Dan Pagis

Dan Pagis (1930-1986) spent three of his adolescent years in a Nazi camp before arriving in Palestine in 1946. He became one of the most vibrant voices in modern Israeli poetry and is considered a major world poet of his generation.

A master scholar of Hebrew literature, Pagis drew fully on classical texts and infused his poetry with a centuries-old mysticism. Yet he also brought an immediacy and colloquialism to Hebrew poetry. In these superbly translated poems, Dan Pagis's voice can be heard celebrating the human spirit.

  • Sales Rank: #1863651 in Books
  • Published on: 1996-10-22
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .41" w x 5.51" l, .45 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 160 pages

Review
"A wonderful introduction to one of Israel's major poets. . . . [Mitchell] gives Pagis a crisp free voice in English. . . . Pagis's work has a quality which can be enjoyed when read aloud. Overall, this work is strongly recommended for all Judaica readers who have an ear for the muse."--"Association of Jewish Libraries Newsletter

Language Notes
Text: English (translation)
Original Language: Hebrew

From the Inside Flap
"The poems glow with pleasure in themselves. One can hear a kind of laughter resonating, as if having surpassed the moment and its trial, having presented suffering yet having set distance from it through the medium of his art. Though Dan Pagis has died too soon, may we learn from him to live."—David Ignatow

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9 of 10 people found the following review helpful.
A great scholar poet
By Shalom Freedman
Dan Pagis along with his good friend T. Carmi was a great scholar poet. His poetry combines a deep feeling for the sufferings of Jewish history especially the Shoah. A broken and condensed beauty pervade his work.

This collection is a highly recommended introduction to one of modern Hebrew poetry's major voices.

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James Beard's Theory & Practice of Good Cooking, by James Beard

The contents include: Good Cooking Needs Good Tools; Boiling; Roasting; Broiling and Grilling; Braising; Sauteing; Frying; Baking; Thickeners and Liaisons; Noncooking; Chilling and Freezing; Cooking Terms and Methods; The Concordance; Carvings.

  • Sales Rank: #461083 in Books
  • Published on: 1990-03-25
  • Released on: 1990-03-25
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.25" h x 6.50" w x 1.25" l,
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 465 pages

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
James Beard rules.
By Rixmom
This is our first "go to" cookbook basically our cooking bible. I have given away dozen of these as wedding presents over the years. My grand daughter got hers at age 10. James Beard has never written a bad recipe. We have all his cookbooks.

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Solid stuff
By UrbanMonique
Great book for beginning to intermediate home cooks. Worthwhile to round out a Beard library. And a great reference work for writing or working chefs.

8 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Best all-around book for aspiring cooks
By D. Carpenter
I love this book because it doesn't teach individual recipes but methods. If you know how to braise and what can and should be braised, you can do it. Most books, even cooking classes will teach you how to make one stew but don't teach the art of braising. Or sauteeing, or roasting...
While the book is out of print, Amazon has it and I regularly purchase one for wedding gifts or aspiring young cooks. [...]

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Sabtu, 04 April 2015

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An Illustrated Life of Jesus, by Warner A. Hutchinson, Richard I. Abrams

Drawn from several centuries of art from medieval to contemporary times, the majority of the 60 glorious full-color images and 34 black-and-white-etchings, woodcuts, and engravings reproduced here--all from the collection of the prestigious National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.--were created by Flemish, Renaissance, and Baroque masters. Richly reproduced, the works of art shown here include magnificently gold-leafed illuminated manuscripts, paintings on wood and canvas, glazed terra-cotta relief sculptures, intricate work in marble, metal-cut prints, bronze reliefs, and tapestries. Carefully selected to follow the narratives from the four Gospels, the accompanying discussions of the artist's interpretations of biblical events further an understanding and appreciation of these exquisite and moving works. Fully indexed to text, masterworks, and quoted scripture, this is a visually stunning reference and will be a treasured volume in the collections of all lovers of fine art.

  • Sales Rank: #2389684 in Books
  • Published on: 1994-07-30
  • Released on: 1994-07-30
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 11.27" h x .58" w x 9.27" l,
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 160 pages

From the Inside Flap
Drawn from several centuries of art from medieval to contemporary times, the majority of the 60 glorious full-color images and 34 black-and-white-etchings, woodcuts, and engravings reproduced here--all from the collection of the prestigious National Gallery of Art in Washington, D.C.--were created by Flemish, Renaissance, and Baroque masters. Richly reproduced, the works of art shown here include magnificently gold-leafed illuminated manuscripts, paintings on wood and canvas, glazed terra-cotta relief sculptures, intricate work in marble, metal-cut prints, bronze reliefs, and tapestries. Carefully selected to follow the narratives from the four Gospels, the accompanying discussions of the artist's interpretations of biblical events further an understanding and appreciation of these exquisite and moving works. Fully indexed to text, masterworks, and quoted scripture, this is a visually stunning reference and will be a treasured volume in the collections of all lovers of fine art.

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Jumat, 03 April 2015

? Ebook Transatlantic Encounters: Europeans and Andeans in the Sixteenth CenturyFrom University of California Press

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Transatlantic Encounters: Europeans and Andeans in the Sixteenth CenturyFrom University of California Press

Emphasizing the reciprocal influences of European and Andean peoples, the contributors to this volume examine the formation of a colonial society in sixteenth-century South America. Together these eight outstanding essays by specialists in anthropology, history, art history, and literary studies are a model interdisciplinary forum in Andean and colonial studies.

The authors explore the Old World background to the cultural encounter; the key political, social, and economic forces at work in shaping the Andean landscape; the transformation and hybridization of Inca symbolism; and the ways in which Andeans and Europeans came to interpret the emerging colonial society.

  • Sales Rank: #3443389 in Books
  • Published on: 1992-01-10
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.50" h x 6.50" w x 1.00" l,
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 295 pages

From the Inside Flap
"A new and unique contribution to the study of the history of the early contact between Europe and the Americas."—Gary Urton, Colgate University

From the Back Cover
"A new and unique contribution to the study of the history of the early contact between Europe and the Americas."-Gary Urton, Colgate University

About the Author
Kenneth J. Andrien is Associate Professor of History at Ohio State University. Rolena Adorno is Professor of Latin American Literature at Princeton University.

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Rabu, 01 April 2015

! Ebook Forest of Eyes: Selected Poems of Tada Chimako, by Chimako Tada

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Forest of Eyes: Selected Poems of Tada Chimako, by Chimako Tada

One of Japan’s most important modern poets, Tada Chimako (1930–2003) gained prominence in her native country for her sensual, frequently surreal poetry and fantastic imagery. Although Tada’s writing is an essential part of postwar Japanese poetry, her use of themes and motifs from European, Near Eastern, and Mediterranean history, mythology, and literature, as well as her sensitive explorations of women’s inner lives make her very much a poet of the world. Forest of Eyes offers English-language readers their first opportunity to read a wide selection from Tada’s extraordinary oeuvre, including nontraditional free verse, poems in the traditional forms of tanka and haiku, and prose poems. Translator Jeffrey Angles introduces this collection with an incisive essay that situates Tada as a poet, explores her unique style, and analyzes her contribution to the representation of women in postwar Japanese literature.

  • Sales Rank: #310608 in Books
  • Published on: 2010-08-17
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x .63" w x 6.00" l, .60 pounds
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 176 pages

Review
"Chimako's extraordinary imagery is reflected in this wide-ranging collection of her work, which explores women's sensuality and emotion. This is the first English translation of her work and includes translated and traditional Japanese versions of haiku and tanka."--"Foreword Footnotes"

"All in all this book provides a well-rounded look at an important modern Japanese poet."--"Translation Review"

"The three [volumes] together form the finale to a singular body of poetry that has been finely chosen, sensitively introduced and admirably translated by Jeffrey Angles in this selection."--"Japan Times"

"A unique and most welcome publication."--"Japanese Studies"

"At its best, literary translation offers something that was not there before. Angles has given readers a major poet not previously apparent in English. His translation will have the honor of leading a generation of new readers to discover the work of Tada Chimako."--Charles Martin "American Poet "

"A unique and most welcome publication."--Yasuko Claremont"Japanese Studies" (12/09/2011)

At its best, literary translation offers something that was not there before. Angles has given readers a major poet not previously apparent in English. His translation will have the honor of leading a generation of new readers to discover the work of Tada Chimako. --Charles Martin "American Poet ""

A unique and most welcome publication. --Yasuko Claremont"Japanese Studies" (12/09/2011)"

From the Inside Flap
"Tada Chimako was one of the few overtly intellectual modern Japanese poets, but she donned her erudition with lightness and humor. She was also one of the few who went beyond the realm of "free verse" and tried the traditional forms of tanka and haiku, even occasionally using rhymes. Jeffrey Angles brings across Tada's distinct voice and approach with elegance and skill in his translations, making her poems come alive."—Hiroaki Sato

"Marvelous. An important introduction to modern Japanese literature for the English-reading world."—Liza Dalby, author of Geisha

"Up until now, a few translations in scattered sources have suggested something of the range and depth of the poetry of Tada Chimako; now, this new and extensive collection of translations by Jeffrey Angles reveals an astonishing talent, confirming for readers everywhere the respect and admiration which Japanese readers have long felt for this body of work. Hers is a poetry of that possesses a virtual tactile energy, moving across time and space, absorbed in nature, glancing at the literary heritage of the world (in particularly those of Japan, China, France, and ancient Greece), as well experimenting with literary form (modern verse, tanka, and haiku). All this is accomplished with an astonishing grace and a spiritual fastidiousness, as serene as a mathematic equation. In these limpid and elegant translations, Mr. Angles proves himself at the forefront of his generation in his skill at gently and firmly moving this elegant poetry from one language to another. With this collection, postwar Japanese poetry seems suddenly, wonderfully, different, and truly enriched."—J. Thomas Rimer, co-editor, The Columbia Anthology of Modern Japanese Literature

About the Author
The writing of Tada Chimako (1930-2003) is crucial to understanding modern Japanese poetry although her work is situated outside the poetic mainstream. A solitary visionary, Tada is uniquely admired in Japan for her poems, essays, and translations. Withdrawing to Kobe after the publication of her first collection, she spent most of her life close to nature, far from Tokyo, Japan’s literary epicenter. Writing poetry in both traditional Japanese forms and Western free verse and prose poetry, Tada is known as a poet of intellect and erudition but also as one of sensuality and emotion. Jeffrey Angles is Associate Professor at Western Michigan University. He is coeditor, with J. Thomas Rimer, of Japan: A Traveler’s Literary Companion. He has won translation grants from the National Endowment for the Arts and the PEN Club of America.

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2 of 2 people found the following review helpful.
Intriguing poetry, uncommon creativity
By Kiteflyer
Judging by this book, Tada Chimako is an impressive Japanese poet. Through this generous selection of her work in lucid and sensitive translations by Jeffrey Angles the English-speaking world will discover her uncommon creative talent as well. Her insights are surprising, her wit intriguing. She makes the normal look strange, even shocking. This is a captivating book.

What struck me first when reading Tada's verse is her astonishing imagination. She can transform ordinary scenes and activities into symbolic and mythic rituals. The central figure of "The Woman in the Garden" wears "virginal robes" but sits next to a "fertile spring," with "children's small forms reflected in her eyes." When they bathe in the spring - or is it her amniotic fluid? - the elderly are rejuvenated and the half-blind regain their sight. Behind the spring is "a transparent crescent moon / A tall cypress that rises beyond this world / A dark tower of the soul."

Tada's insights are sometimes very dark. In her famous poem "Fava Beans" the preparation of a vegetable acquires macabre overtones. She pulls "green infants" from the hull - "each bean from its sleep / I cut out its closed black eyelid with my knife." The poem becomes a meditation on human life and death, and on the connection between the netherworld and heaven. It's witty, almost black-humor funny, horrifying, and deep all at once.

In his concise, informative introduction Angles notes that Tada is regarded as an intellectual poet in her native country. There's certainly great erudition behind her work. But I feel it's often a mask for the passion that lurks below the surface. Whether she elevates her existential crisis to a powerful tanka that compares the cancer that is killing her to pregnancy, or uses a prose-poem allegory to criticize woman's status in Japan, or writes a thoroughly modern poem like "Tulips," which judges flowers as if they were criminals condemned to execution for "bringing pleasure to human hearts," there's a depth of feeling behind the elaborate conceptual framework.

Jeffrey Angles has done readers of poetry in English a huge favor in bringing this poet to their attention.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Forest of Eyes goes beyond expectations!
By Douglas Stewart
The only way to review this book is as follows:

Playful Stars
A Tanka for Tada Chimako

In spring, Japan amidst cherry blossoms.
Ancient misanthropic divines, who dance, abandoning
the rites of their authority, promise
endless summer to any disciple who will drop a coin,
or pour a drop of sake, or sing one Chimako lyric.

3 of 8 people found the following review helpful.
Chimako Sings "Born in the Land of the Rising Sun"
By Taneo Ishikawa
Under the influence of excessive raves, I wandered into "Forest of Eyes: Selected Poems of Tada Chimako" by Jeffrey Angles, a professor at Western Michigan University, whose work on the title earned a translation award from the Donald Keene Center of Japanese Culture at Columbia University, and I came away with the impression that the modernist poet died from a disease of language, rather than from the uterine cancer she actually suffered. In fact, she hallowed her disease as "the god of cancer" "consecrated in the shrine of children." She even linked it with a cosmic event of meteor shower. Then she died with much dignity -- an almost legendary way of facing one's last days. Her lifetime work shows a symptom of modern myth making, first attempting to mythologize the world, then in her last years mythologizing herself.

Here the disease of language -- I did not make this up -- refers to Max Muller's theory of myth that back in antiquity, allegorical descriptions of nature ended up in literal interpretation of natural phenomena as divine workings. Anyway, mythology is fantasy as opposed to reality, which relies on the qualitative, not quantitative, use of language, and with the use of high rhetoric, mythology turned murderers into priests, war dogs war gods, and war criminals celestial divinities. More recently, in the dog-eat-dog world of late 19th-centruy imperialism, there was Nietzchean hallucination on Dionysian orgies, and the Victorian Englishmen claimed "We are Rome." In emulation, the Japanese war cry was "We are Yamato!" The Nazi Germans dreamed up the Arian myth and cosmic identity -- all this collective catastrophic thinking was affected by the ancient disease of language.

Chimako's linguistic disease, like Mishima's, was nurtured in the elite culture of wartime Japan, where life high-up continued to imitate art, ceaselessly aping its betters, and the denizens there not only created a myth, but lived a myth, in an effort to perpetuate their lives, often in association with what they deemed eternal, such as the flag, the tribe, and, above all, the emperor. In the case of Chimako, who was often dubbed "oldie," "out of touch," and "aristocratic," it may be admirable that she kept distance from the cheap sun-marked culture of postwar tribalism, but her decided detachment seems to indicate that there was history -- hidden history -- of complicity in an enormous crime, not as an individual, but as an elite family tree.

Yes, trees are the central symbol in her world of poetry, and she talked about them as World Tree or Cosmic Tree. In her 1968 "The Town of Mirrors, or Forest of Eyes," Chimako created a paracosmic community, complete with factories, greenhouses, murderers, the police, the clergy and a code of laws, even including a giant with one hundred eyes, who lived in the mirror and died long ago, yet still moaning underground. From his eyes sown on the ground, a forest grew up. Chimako continued with this image of woody symbolism, saying in her 1980 "Lotophagi," "Each era gets its own forest / Each era gets its own graveyard." Then in her 1998 narrative poem "Chewing on a Eucalyptus Leaf" she talked about a fast-growing giant tree, in which "I" and her dog started living an arboreal life -- an evolutionary throwback -- as the tree continued to grow to the point of becoming "a living Tower of Babel" or a virtual Cosmic Tree. Her dog now howled at the ground below. She noticed that her dog was pregnant, perhaps impregnated by "that mysterious pair of eyes." Finally in her last years she talked about her own life as a cancer-affected cosmic tree, with its year rings illegible in tomograms.

What's wrong with all this woody symbolism? It seems good but not good enough. Poets sing and think about human conditions. Chimako's myth poetry may seem to have achieved a cosmic height but apparently failed to reach the full depths of human conditions. She repeats her subterranean vision that in the earth, there are layers of corpses, moaning and writhing still. So what? She never got down there to share their never-ending agonies. Her vision of the netherworld is a mere show of intellectual clairvoyance -- one very cliched in shamanic seance as well as in literature. Instead of descending, she climbed up the fast-growing cosmic tree -- a transition from flat, low-lying expanse of forestry to a skyscraping cosmic tree. This is an almost superficial reflection of postwar Japan's transformation from a flattened country to a towering economic giant. This is a social commentary at best, and it doesn't go beyond the symbolism.

Worse, her mythopoeia is even scandalous from a postmodern perspective where writers, including poets and scientists, must be scrutinized not only for what they wrote, but also for what they did not write -- something they chose not to write about. Here I am referring, once again, to Chimako's "Chewing on a Eucalyptus Leaf" -- that cosmic tree thing -- which is a symbolic representation of Japan's mobility cult during the 1980s, back when the whole nation was uplifted on land-price bubble economy. The "Chewing" was published in 1998. Yes, 1998, the year when the country was still drowning in the depth of its post-bubble depression, and it was three years after the Kobe earthquake of 1995, which claimed more than 6,000 lives; most of them died, virtually moaning and writhing under the debris of collapsed houses and buildings. It was a huge man-made disaster -- an overkill not road kill -- that would have brought up the exact image of Chimako's underworld where "countless corpses / form layers and / raise their voices / as they writhe incessantly." And it happened right before her eyes, or right below from her home on the Kobe bluff, an upland community of villas. Where was Chimako then? Travelling abroad to write travelogue for a lifestyle magazine?

Darn it. Chimako's Kobe-based poetry industry was a scandalous establishment, not only out of touch, but out of date -- an avatar of imperialist intellect whose anthropological interests scandalously served, not the interests of subject peoples, but the interests of empire builders, who more often than not overlooked disasters, even caused famines and mass starvation as they advanced on a global scale, looting graves, measuring bones, and talking about ancient civilizations, origins of myth, family trees of languages and races -- all about long-dead people, not much about living people, not much about dying people in war and disaster.

Come on, Chimako. Get down here to level with people. You can no longer stay up there, embalmed with quasi cosmic identity. You smell like an ancient Egyptian mummy, redux in some artificial globalized community, say, that sun-marked imperial circle, where French-speaking career diplomats and other out-of-touch elitist scholars and artists run the show. This is a celestial community or, if you like, a self-segregated cultural ghetto, where nostalgia for empire is a pathological norm and the behavioral norm is that of colonial masters, if not slave masters, if not topknotted samurai warlords, but the problem is the same -- a culture of nonresponsibility and infantalization, puffed up with empty talks about legacy, heritage and, yes, vintage. Among others, noh and kabuki theaters, tea ceremony, calligraphy, flower arrangement, and poetry of traditional 5-7 mora meter are toxic cultural memes that endlessly rain down from high above.

Look. Here is full disclosure -- the moment these high-end people show their color. At the height of emotion, the incontinent people spring a leak, both ways, pees and tears, sitting on VIP box seats watching "Super Kabuki: Yamato Takeru," saga of the ancient imperial brat on civilizing mission. It is in the finale, when the hero, in a fabulous avian costume coursing in the air, intones: "Soaring high in the sky, this is me, my soul!" Yes, shamanic; here the emperor can fly, and the people look up to "Clouds above the Hill." And they got this: Mushroom Clouds above the Hell, twice, Hiroshima and Fukushima. Very, very stupid. And now the whole nation cries out for "Prayer," "Reconstruction," "Solidarity," and "Sun Mark." Unbelievable. Damn it!

Excuse me, Chimako. I am still talking about you -- your celestial persona in a broader cultural context. Unlike the emperor, you didn't fly, but you did climb up Cosmic Tree, or Corridor Tree in shamanic terms, or, if you like, Skytree -- the so-called world's highest communication tower recently raised ad nauseam in Tokyo. The tower is a shaky emblem of the nation's never-ending cult of technology, centrality, and upward mobility. In my view, Chimako, you went up there, like a shaman, with your dog Asa, a Shiba, not a cur. In your poetic myth, dogs, not lapdogs, but watchdogs, are one of the recurrent symbols, along with eyes and blood. Here dogs and eyes are related to Big Brother's watchdog functions -- security and law enforcement. In particular, big "pure-bred" dogs are one of the invented traditions of the modern age of imperial aspirations; German Shepherd and Japanese Akita and Shiba, for example, were promoted as loyal as well as royal canine companions to an ever edifying empire, as Aaron Skabelund's recent volume, "Empire of Dogs," shows with superb lucidity. So, Chimako, your dog Asa and Shibuya's Hachiko are of the same ideological pedigree, both under scholarly masters.

On the other hand, your obsession with blood is bifurcated, symbolizing either violence or female principle. Apparently, violence is not your forte, but your blood-violence nexus serves as a window or an initiation into greater violence of the world. Here blood is ritual, not lethal, but what it signifies is something on the order of devastating destruction. So you wrap it up as a dream-speak, or more often you present it as a drug-induced daydream. This writing strategy characterizes your myth making poetry. It may be good for a con artist, but a good poet who sings straight and thinks hard about human conditions doesn't do that. Meanwhile, your blood-womanhood nexus represents, of course, a woman's life creating potency, as opposed to a man's bloody destructive inclination. Here we see a classical binary distinction of male-female, yin-yan principle, and you see it within yourself.

Now we must get down to the problem of your sexuality. Well, Professor Chimako. Stop it. You don't have to pull down your jeans. We are not talking about your genes. Anyway, you have a gender problem of the most convoluted kind. Basically, you are bisexual, but you have an undeniable taste for transvestite fantasy on one hand, and on the other, you show pedophiliac interests in cherubic boys. You see them through the eyes of ancient Greek heroes, or pedophile priests or sports coaches of our time, not so much through the eyes of samurai hot ass. Here your own womanhood is subdued under a mixed sense of hero worship and its contingent pedophilia. You long for a beautiful, youthful shining hero, and sometimes you see him in yourself. This is the moment you go transvestite, meanwhile, Chimako, you perhaps felt the same fascination in your family members -- not your husband, but your own son or nephew. It's incestuous in the most common sense of the word, and this moment is captured in one of your tanka poems, when you sing this: "a shower on / the taut nude of form / one pair of / the young man's flesh / heavily bears fruit."

This is not a moment of Oedipus complex, nor cheap porn fantasy of mom-son intercourse. This is what I call Professor Chimako's Octopus complex, a product of imitation Classic that gave birth to a monster with the body of a woman and the eyes of a man. This is you, Chimako. You suffered mythological disorder, or in more technical terms, disease of language, and you got cancer down there, then you got nuked down there through radiation treatment. Yes, you've gotten Hiroshima and Fukushima inside. Wait. You don't have to show it. You just sing it out, from the rooftop down to the streets. Then people will look up to you as sharing the common predicament of human conditions. We need this kind of solidarity, human solidarity, not sun-marked solidarity. Come on, Chimako. You sing it out. We'll sing along, all together, like in a Bruce Springsteen's concert, where a huge mass of voice sings: "Born in the Land of the Rising Sun. Born in the Land of the Rising Sun...."

O.K. Chimako. Your turn. Go ahead. You may recite your masterpiece called "Dawn", a paean to the Egyptian Sky Goddess Nut. Show time. Here is Chimako Tada, Hip-On Queen from Nippon.

Stretching her supple body
The goddess forms a lofty arc over the earth

Stars scattered over her azure body
Like fine flecks of gold in lapis lazuli

Nut, the loving vault of heaven
Gives birth to the sun each morning

And with the blood of her holy delivery
She dyes the eastern sky deep, deep red

Wonderful! Bravo! You deserve a second look. I like the rhythm, a bit like hip-hop. When do you record and market it on a global scale? Chimako's Hip-On Hip-Hop! You can beat Yoko Ono's big tit music industry, I mean her band and Sean Lemon and John Venom. More seriously, however, your "Dawn" is a moribund museum piece, with no value on the global market, except here, land of morning sun cult, where in wartime, the whole nation was ready to die for the bloody red sun mark flag, and now their most blissful moment is to worship the morning sun rise atop Mt. Fuji, and the emperor's daily ritual schedule still includes the very early first-hours invocation of the spirit of the Sun Goddess Amaterasu. There are many more seasonal rites observed in the innermost circle of the imperial precinct -- all related one way or another to the fecundity of the solar deity and the fecundity of the imperial house itself -- and these "traditional" rituals are in fact modern inventions created from the fundamentalist reading of the ancient books of mythistory as well as the other premodern text of imperial rituals. Perhaps detesting empty symbols and attributes of bogus origins, the eccentric, short-lived Taisho Emperor, father to Emperor Hirohito, refused to perform all the heliocentric court rituals, rather amusing himself in other more playful things. For example, he once made an imperial survey on the members of the House of Peers -- a noble assembly of old Tokugawa daimyo dogs -- looking at them through the hole of a make-believe telescope he made rolling up a document waiting for his review. Conspiracy theory has it that the "deranged" head of the empire was poisoned to death -- a modern case of regicide that left his youthful son with such an enormous trauma that Hirohito became a pathetic practitioner of heliocentric court religion -- virtually communing, communicating, and even sleeping with the spirit of the Sun Goddess -- as the nation grew from warlike to warholic. The upshot? BANG! Hiroshima.

Now the nation's biggest problem is that these court rituals serve as the greatest source of imperial diseases, physical and mental, damaging the health of the aged emperor himself, and also giving the empress and princesses all sorts of troubles, ranging from culture shock to severe mental disorder; Empress Michiko once suffered speech loss; Poor Princess Masako is still under heavy medication to keep her from eccentric behavioral disorder. Before marriage, she was a hopeful Harvard-educated diplomat, once a shining flower in the Paris community of international dignitaries. Alas, the nation's court ritual has sapped the life out of the nation's best and brightest mind. Further, the same sun cult has damaged, not only the imperial fecundity, but the nation's fecundity as well. Blinded by the sun cult, this country has long been killing and diminishing its population without any afterthought. Think about this: Toden's company religion includes the worship of "Sky Illuminating Great Bright Sun Goddess," whose talismanic tablet was found on the wall of the control room at the Fukushima plant. Unbelievable. Again, the power company, once condemned as the ringleader of war crime industries, put the whole nation on the verge of nuclear annihilation, this time, mushroom clouds above the Fukushima reactors. For more than a half century, this country's learning curve has remained a flat line, stretched too long alongside the upward curve of sun-marked voodoo science and technology. The upshot? BANG! A bang-bang history, from Hiroshima to Fukushima.

Now, Chimako, you see we're all poor victims of sun cult religion. Yet still, you sing the "Dawn." I don't see any light coming from it; instead it looks like a "deep, deep red" blood-drenching devastation looming on the horizon, because -- I repeat this -- your bloody symbolism signifies both gratuitous violence and female fecundity, which reminds me of the wartime slogan: Give Birth and Multiply -- the war-addled empire's population policy in sync with Hirohito's fertility ritual in the court with the solar deity. It was indeed an era of collective enactment of the mythological concept of creative destruction, acted out in real earnest with all-out insanity, from the emperor on down to neighborhood leaders of the infamous war-support group known as Taisei Yokusankai, Imperial Rule Assistance Association. In this context, your "Dawn" is the second coming of the same old sun cult, this time, in the guise of multiculturalism and global perspectives, disseminating the old social disease from high above -- above the House of the Rising Sun, a Buddho-Shinto culture complex, where Sun Buddha, Sun Goddess, Sun Emperor, and the People of Sun Tribe congregate in celebration of its long history of heliocentric tribalism, under the war-tarnished Sun Mark, in hopes of attracting johns from half a world around. But the appeal is limited, only an in-house celebration of incestuous infatuation. It could not go global, failing to reach even the ear of our closest neighbors, Koreans and Chinese. For them, Chimako, your "Dawn" could be a deja-vu nightmare, more of the same sun cult and its contingent war crimes. Through painful history under the sun flag, they have learned this: the wartime manipulation of universal, cosmic symbols was to totalize Asia against the West to exploit fellow Asians for the benefits of the Sun Mark -- a shrewd rhetorical strategy good for a spin master. Come on, Chimako. Where is your intellectual integrity? Did you sell it to the contemporary movement of Taisei Yokusankai? No? Then show it. Where do you have it? O.K. Go ahead. Now you're going to recite a tanka poem, composed when you heard the news that Hirohito was dying. Here you go. Show Time. Chimako Tada,"one of Japan's most important modern poets" acclaimed as "very much a poet of the world."

On hearing of the Showa Emperor's critical condition

because he spilled
the blood of tens of thousands
he receives
big blood transfusions
and he cannot die

Wonderful! Bravo! You deserve still another look. It's Vintage Chimako. There is everything in there -- style, elegance, humor, intellect, and above all, the blood. I like it, I mean the way you say it, when I say: "The emperor is dying. Long live the emperor!" More seriously, however, the tanka poem is flawed on a couple of crucial points. First, there is unforgivable understatement about the size of bloodshed the Showa Emperor was accountable for. You say "the blood of tens of thousands." Whose blood are you talking about? Heroic death of officers up? Rather you should say "the blood of millions." Yes, millions, paying due respect to all the war dead, military and civilian, Japanese and other Asian. Don't understate the emperor's responsibility as the war criminal in chief.

Second, the problem is in the flow of blood. You describe it as if it were a give-and-take ritual of blood sacrifice, and the whole process is unduly sanitized. The fact is that the emperor suffered blood cancer, the rarest of the rare diseases that rotted his blood. Why he got this disease? A consequence of incestual imperial tradition like the ancient Egyptian dynasties? Or because he caused the bloodshed of millions? We never know. But this is where you can show your intellectual integrity by showing where justice is, say, by calling rotten blood rotten. Intellectual integrity is not a mask you can wear and then discard. It's a deep commitment to looking into human conditions. Come on, Chimako. Come clear. Get down there and rewrite it.

Japan's postwar culture has long been poisoned at the hands of intellectual crooks -- those hatted apes, if not top-knotted samurai dogs, who run the show in the House of the Rising Sun. Among them, nostalgia for empire is the source of all diseases, ideological and spiritual, leading the nation on the unsustainable logic of self-sacrifice and self-aggrandizement -- the legacy of empire building where a toxic mix of tribalism and infantilization continues to ail the nation in the guise of globalization and peaceful coexistence. This collective catastrophic thinking does not help us orient in reality, nor in the least help us understand the wider world. Worse, it does not help us understand the geography of our own past. Here the crooked intellect practices an almost willful, collective forgetting, an intentional loss of memory, and finally accepts it as the necessary censorship of sun-marked disaster. This is how this country has become an Alzheimer's state. And this is where a poet has to stand up and sing out, from the rooftop of the House of the Rising Sun, preferably with a stentorian voice, and if not, even with a broken mouthpiece.

Let us see. Are you finished, Chimako? Good. This is the revision. O.K. Sing it out, standing on this stump as on the rooftop. Here you go.

Born in the Land of the Rising Sun
Born in the Land of the Rising Sun

because we emperor spilled
the blood of millions
we suffered
cancer of blood
rare disease of rotten blood
and we still moan underground

Born in the Land of the Rising Sun
Born in the Land of the Rising Sun

Hirohito Domofugu Yamatonchu
Hideyoshi Toyotomi Daimyojin
Hideki Tojo Yasukuni Omitama
Hitler, Himmler, Hitogoroshi
Damn it. All these Hi-names
Urinate on their war crimes

This public ritual
Sorry, men's only
Is to ensure a change:
War gods back into war dogs
Yes, a big culture revolution
From a man's small piss
For the great cause of peace

Viva la revolucion!
Viva la revolucion!

In the name of Che Guevara
In the name of Jose Marti

Excellent! Chimako, you've found a new voice, voice of a revolutionary poet. And you've gotten a new life too. No more disease of language. Wonderful. You're cured. You have shown the therapeutic power of language. Wonderful. Congratulations. Now you can market yourself on the global market, and I am sure you can beat Yoko Ono's world peace industry, which is becoming more and more shamanic, showing her color in the wrong way. I tell you this: Her problem is not with money, but she has an ideological cancer. To get cured, she has yet to urinate on the face of her "great" father; instead she celebrates it -- that big flat. You are O.K. now, Chimako.

All said. I've got to go now. Sleep well, lady. I no longer bother you. I've got to go, got to go. Where? Back to a simple place in time where human solidarity, not sun-marked solidarity, survives and thrives. So long.

Taneo, come back.

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